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| Polish Economic
Data |
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| Labour Market
in 2002 |
Like during previous
three years 2002 year brought on a decline in both the
number of employed in the economy and in the average
employment in enterprise sector. According to the estimates
as of the end 2002, total number of employed in the
economy amounted to 14.9 million persons and was by
0.9 per cent lower than a year before. In enterprise
sector the number of employed in enterprise sector (in
the entities employing more the 9 persons) reached 4,999
thousand persons (1.9 per cent less than in 2001). |
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| Average employment by sections in the enterprise
sector (in thous.) |
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2002 |
2001 |
2001 = 100 |
Total
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4,912
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5,138
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95.6 |
Industry
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2,481
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2,629
|
94.4 |
- mining and quarrying
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210
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222
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94.4 |
- manufacturing
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2,045
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2,181
|
93.8 |
- electricity, gas and water supply
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226
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227
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99.9 |
Construction
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422
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481
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87.7 |
Trade and repairs
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828
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828
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100.0 |
Hotels and restaurants
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87
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83
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103.8 |
Transport, storage and communication
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514
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550
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93.5 |
Real estates and business activities
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412
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404
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102.0 |
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Average employment
in enterprise sector amounted to 4,911.5 thousand persons,
i.e. by 4.4 per cent less than a year before. Employment
shrank at the highest degree in construction (by 12.3
per cent as compared to 2001), transport, storage and
communication (by 6.5 per cent), in industrial manufacturing
(by 6.2 per cent) and in mining and quarrying (by 5.6
per cent). Of industrial manufacturing divisions the
most substantial deterioration was recorded in the manufacture
of base metals (by 12.1 per cent), clothing and furriery
(by 11.4 per cent), non-metallic mineral products (by
10.8 per cent), wood and wood products (by 10.3 per
cent) and motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers.
Employment in electricity, gas and water supply and
in trade remained at the level of 2001. An increase
in employment was recorded in hotels and restaurants
and in real estates and business activities sections. |
| The main factors behind the deterioration
in employment in enterprise sector in 2002 were: |
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- slowdown in economic growth,
- carrying out restructuring programmes (mining and quarrying,
steel industry),
- increase in labour productivity,
- ending of employment protection periods in privatised
enterprises,
- further globalisation of the economy resulting in combining
of enterprises in order to take advantage of production
scale,
- technological progress resulting among others in production
increase without rise in employment,
- weak financial standing of enterprise sector, what results
in cost reductions or bankruptcies. |
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Record number of unemployed
persons registered in the labour offices reflects difficult
situation on the labour market in 2002. As of the end
of December the number of unemployed registered in the
labour offices was 3,217 thousand persons and was by
101.9 persons higher (by 3.3 per cent) than a year before.
Women accounted for 51.2 per cent of unemployed.
In 2002 2,550.2 persons were registered
in the labour offices. At the same time 2,448.3 thousand
persons were removed from unemployment rolls, mainly
due to taking on intervention, public and seasonal works
offered by the labour office. The number of unemployed
without the right for unemployment benefit amounted
to 2,678.3 thousand persons (83.3 per cent of total
number of registered unemployment).
As of the end of December 2002 unemployed registered
in the labour offices accounted for 18.1 per cent of
economically active persons. |
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| The major factors contributing most to unemployment
growth - despite the ones resulting in decline in employment
- were: |
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- considerable increase of the number of
persons at working age - population boom (in the years
2001-2005 labour reserves will rise by 1.15 million persons)
- change in health insurance regulations (health insurance
covers registered unemployed),
- high employment costs (insurance, insurance premiums
and so on). |
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In 2003 considerable
improvement on the labour market is not anticipated.
The continuation of restructuring processes will adversely
affect the number of work places offered. But on the
other hand higher economic growth rate will probably
contribute to lessening employment curbs in comparison
with previous years. The number of work posts created
in the service sector will gradually offset their drops
in other sectors.
The creation of work places in small and medium seize enterprises
as well as the implementation of - The first job - package
allow to estimate employment to increase by 0.8 per
cent in the national economy and by 0.4 per cent in
enterprise sector.
Source: Ministry of Economy, Labour and Social Policy
"A study of Poland's economic performance in 2002"
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